A study published in the September issue of Addictive Behaviors found “…that young people in five schools in the UK do overestimate the smoking behaviour of their peers, particularly in areas with high smoking prevalence in the community surrounding the school. ” 

Click HERE to link to the study by Elsey, Owiredu, Thomson et al.: Do Children Overestimate the Extent of Smoking among their Peers? A Feasibility Study of the Social Norms Approach to Prevent Smoking

Abstract

Social norms approaches (SNA) are based on the premise that we frequently overestimate risk behaviours among our peers. By conducting campaigns to reduce these misperceptions, SNAs aim to reduce risk behaviours. This study examines the extent to which 12 to 13 year old pupils overestimate smoking among their peers and explores the appropriateness of using SNA in secondary schools to prevent smoking uptake.

Methods

The extent of overestimation of smoking among peers was assessed through an on-line SNA questionnaire in five schools (n = 595). Based on questionnaire results, pupils developed SNA campaigns in each school. Qualitative methods of focus groups (7), interviews (7) and observation were used to explore in-depth, from the perspective of staff and pupils, the appropriateness and feasibility of the SNA to prevent smoking uptake in secondary schools.

Results

A quarter of pupils, 25.9% (95% CI 25.6% to 26.1%) believed that most of their peers smoked, however, only 3% (95% CI 2.8% to 3.3%) reported that they actually did; a difference of 22.9% (95% CI 19.1% to 26.6%). Self-reported smoking was not significantly different between schools (X2 = 8.7 p = 0.064), however, perceptions of year group smoking was significantly different across schools (X2 = 63.9 p < 0.001). Qualitative analysis identified full school engagement, minimal teacher time requirements, pupils’ belief in questionnaire results and understanding wider context, as key in optimising implementation.

Conclusion

This study shows significant misperception between self-reported and perceived smoking among peers in secondary schools, thus supporting a key premise of social norms theory. Implementing SNAs and studying effects is feasible within secondary schools.